Asthma Physiology - Immunopharmacology - and Treatment

Question: Examine about the Asthma Physiology, Immunopharmacology, and Treatment. Answer: Presentation Asthma includes the irritation of the aviation routes causing block and bronchial hyper responsiveness. It is described by hacking and wheezing and is an aviation route incessant provocative issue. In the given contextual analysis, Jessica Ainija White, a multi year old young lady was determined to have asthma. She was conceived rashly at 33 weeks of incubation as her mom went into untimely work. Her past clinical history demonstrated that she was determined to have occasional asthma and skin inflammation. Her home life is disrupted as her sibling and father are presented to liquor, tranquilize misuse and exposed to brutality at home. As of late, she moved to her new home in the northern rural areas of Adelaide to cherish with her grandma, Greta who came back from restoration after an ongoing cerebrovascular (CVA). She had an intense medical clinic affirmation exacerbated of her asthma. She was amped up for her new school; in any case, she encountered some learning handicaps. The acc ompanying investigation manages the pathophysiology, related signs and side effects and pharmacology of Jessicas asthma. Pathophysiology of asthma The aggravation of the aviation routes assumes the significant job in the pathophysiology of asthma. The repetitive hacks, brevity of breath and wheezing are showed by irritation of the different kinds of cell and various middle people (Melen and Pershagen 2012, pp.108-120).The profile of the cells and cell reaction is very reliable in asthma. The pathophysiology of asthma in Jessica may be connected to her untimely birth. She was an untimely infant as she was conceived at the thirty three weeks when her mom went into untimely work. As indicated by Bisgaard, Jensen and Bnnelykke (2012) asthma is unequivocally connected with the untimely children who are conceived before the thirty three weeks of incubation period when contrasted with the infants brought into the world full term. Jessicas untimely birth prompts her breathing issues as her lungs were not appropriately evolved. As per Vatti and Teuber (2012) in untimely infants, the lungs are youthful and brings about breathing issues i n them. There is continuous narrowing of the breathing cylinders as the encompassing muscles of the aviation routes get fixed. This outcomes in quick breathing with whistling or wheezing sound as the air is constrained through the limited aviation routes. This is the explanation Jessica experienced wheezing and brevity of breath. Youngsters younger than five show the asthma like side effects. Jessica showed asthma like manifestations before the age of three. The youngsters have littler aviation routes and when growing happens because of viral contaminations squares or fixes the wind stream because of expanded bodily fluid (Stocks, Hislop and Sonnappa 2013, pp.728-742). This outcomes in breathing issues in the little youngsters. The asthma principally limits the breathing aviation routes as irritation happens in the lungs aviation routes. Jessicas aviation routes are swollen and she is experiencing issues in relaxing. She couldn't get legitimate rest as she encountered brevity and uproarious relaxing. Allergens aggravate the aviation routes and choke the aviation routes. Additionally, there is abundance bodily fluid creation that likewise triggers the asthmatic manifestations. The extension of the divider linings prompts constriction of the bronchioles just as the pathway. Her past clinical history demonstrated that she had viral disease and dermatitis after the regular cold during winters. Jessica experienced dermatitis which is a mellow hypersensitive skin disease that activated throughout the winter season after she had basic virus. The aggravations open the aviation routes to unfavorably susceptible reaction and triggers reactions like growing, fit and abundance bodily fluid creation (Agache et al. 2012, pp.835-846). This reaction brings about shrill wheezing sound during exhalation. Similarly, dermatitis may have caused Jessicas aviation routes to expand and trouble in relaxing. These were the early indications of asthma in Jessica prompting irritation and breathing issues. Signs and side effects of asthma The asthma is portrayed by hacking, wheezing, brevity of breath and snugness in the chest (Austen and Lichtenstein 2013, pp.1-13). While breathing, Jessica made a boisterous sound and experienced brevity of breath while resting and that brought about intruded on rest. The fundamental side effects of asthma that Jessica showed because of her disease are industrious hacking, wheezing or whistling sound while breathing and brevity of breath. She had a past clinical history of viral contaminations, normal cold and dermatitis may have added to the pathophysiology of asthma in Jessica. She additionally experienced pained or quick breathing when breathing out. The snugness in the chest is caused because of tight pulling of the skin encompassing the ribs or neck (van der Wiel et al. 2013, pp.646-657). During the winters, she experienced normal cold that had settled her chest. Bit by bit, the side effects repeated giving an away from of asthma like side effects in Jessica. The whistling and sharp solid during exhalation that declined during night is an away from of asthma in Jessica (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013). The mellow skin issue like dermatitis declined the states of asthma in Jessica. Now and again, the pet creatures are additionally a wellspring of hypersensitivity as the kids play with them. Jessicas family foundation detailed that the family had pets. There are two long-haired pooches and one short-haired feline in the family. Jessica likewise helped her grandma with the pets. The pet creatures are likewise an expected wellspring of hypersensitivity that may have activated asthma side effects in Jessica (Huckvale, Car, Morrison and Car 2012, p.144). At the point when she was taken to the crisis division, her mom, Anne announced that she gets intruded o n rest and regularly awakens as she had brief times of hacking and wheezing. She inhaled so hard that her mid-region got sucked under her ribs because of limited relaxing. She additionally hacks at school while playing in the play area. The asthmatic manifestations get compounded when she plays out her day by day exercises or during physical exercise. She likewise inclined forward in a sitting position with the goal that she could relax. The previously mentioned manifestations like hacking, wheezing, brevity of breath and pained breathing showed as a piece of her ailment and modestly serious asthma while she was conceded in the crisis office. Connection between pathophysiology, pharmacology and hypothesis Salbutamol is recommended to Jessica as it aids the enlarging of the respiratory aviation routes. At the point when it is showered, it assists with opening the blocked air entry so that there is free progression of air into the lungs (Murphy et al. 2012). This salbutamol puffs caused Jessica to inhale appropriately and is useful in reasonably serious asthma condition. It is helpful in alleviating the patient from asthma manifestations like hacking, wheezing, brevity of breath and snugness in the chest. It assists with soothing the patient from windedness; be that as it may, it doesn't keep the side effects from occurring. It goes about as a moment reliever from the side effects of asthma. Jessica is recommended breathed in salbutamol 2.5mgs six puffs three portions 20 minutes separated. Salbutamol is weight or age subordinate. Jessica gauged 20 kgs and is beneath the age of six. Along these lines, she requires 2.5mgs of six puffs Salbutamol through a nebulizer. Similarly, salbutamol diminished Jessica of her asthmatic manifestations with salbutamol puffs. At whatever point she had scenes of wheezing or the aviation routes get limited and there is trouble in breathing, salbutamol is controlled so she can relax. It enormously assuaged her of the asthma assault (Vichyanond, Pensrichon and Kurasirikul 2012, pp.15-25). She utilizes the salbutamol through an inhaler and spacer that help in direct help and passing this into her lungs. In the given contextual investigation, Jessica was endorsed salbutamol puff and spacer by the crisis division expert and regulated by the enlisted attendants. With the persistent organization of salbutamol puff, she had the option to inhale appropriately. It altogether diminished the scenes of asthmatic assaults in Jessica. Steadily, she revealed that her breathing is getting ordinary with expanded separating between the salbutamol dosages. Another steroid named prednisolone was likewise given to Jessica as it assisted with forestalling the fiery substance discharge in the body. She is recommended with Prednisolone 22mg as a STAT portion for the treatment of moderate asthma. It is referenced that prednisolone of 20-22 mg is given to the kids between the age of 2-5 years. The hypersensitive responses are enormously rewarded utilizing this medication. It is additionally useful in the avoidance and control of asthma assaults like wheezing. At the point when prednisolone is taken orally, it is assimilated into the body and passes straightforwardly into the lungs and assists with controlling the asthma assaults (Brodlie et al. 2012, pp.604-609). As it is taken orally, it will be useful for Jessica to use during making a trip or going to class. It will assist her with gaining better power over the asthmatic assaults outside her home. What's more, the asthma plan including quiet instruction, release prescription, activity plan and clinical follow up are likewise significant for Jessica and her family to control the scenes of asthma assault. She was additionally recommended breathed in Ipratropium 250mcg four puffs three dosages 20 minutes separated through nebulizer as it upgrades bronchodilation by obstructing the acetylcholine activity at parasympathetic destinations in smooth muscles of bronchia. Jessica was additionally recommended high stream 02via a non-re-breather facemask with store - SaO2to stay above 93%. At the point when she showed up at the crisis division at 0400 hours, her oxygen immersion levels were 90% on air. Along these lines, the specialist recommended non-re-breather facemask with store comprises of single direction valve framework that forestalls blending of breathed out gases with new gas stream. It guarantees most elevated convergence of oxygen to Jessica rehearsed in crisis dep

Essay on Turn up

Article on Turn up Article on Turn up At the point when I turn up I do it for the group! Here and there I need to do it for myself, however diagnostically that may not be conceivable. The joy stirred from my group is sufficient to make me a cheerful camper. Outdoors is really fun too I should state. Turning up is fun as well. Anybody at any point attempted Bacardi dark razz? That is my chance up sauce for when I turn up. Denmark was seen as the most joyful nation in 2012, however The Melancholy Dane never got the update. Try not to let poor Hamlet spend another virus winter sulking, snuggling decaying skulls, and rambling speeches without anyone else. All you have to perk him up is a printer,cardstock, some scissors and tape!Cheer Up, Hamlet! is a paperdoll accessible for nothing, for geeks and nerds and Shakespeare fans the same. A few expressions strike a chord as I bring some relief and self-cure with a glass of Cabernet. One is the oft-rehashed truth that â€Å"life is change†. You don’t need to live long to know reality of that one. One day you’re a cheerful undergrad stressed uniquely over where the end of the week gathering will be, and the following day you’re worrying over creation the home loan installment and having that meeting with your child’s instructor, since he was battling another kid on the play area. At that point in the end there comes the day where those recollections will be esteemed, as those youngsters go out all alone and you understand you’re not required close to as much by them. As you manage the unfilled home they’ve left behind, you start to subside into the senior years. At that point

How Long to Nap for the Biggest Brain Benefits

How Long to Nap for the Biggest Brain Benefits If you have ever wondered whether napping is good for you, I’m here to tell you that it is. Taking a nap is like restarting your brain.Sleep technicians and scientists have correlated napping with major health benefits such as improvement of memory, creative thinking and learning. Studies also prove that regular nappers are efficient problem solvers.And some of the most successful people in the world agree with these studies too.Popular author Pete Hamill was quoted saying that one gets to experience two mornings when they take a nap, and that, according to him is replenishing.Winston Churchill is reported to have taken a two-hour must nap every afternoon during his tenure as British Prime Minister.Presidents J.F Kennedy, Reagan and George W. Bush were also great adherents of afternoon napping. Albert Einstein is also known to have combined his 10-hour sleep with other daytime naps.Want to be a genius?Maybe napping could be the key.Vincent Walsh, Professor at UCL says that since th e industrial revolution, we have strained to save all our sleep for the night. While most mammalian species are polyphasic in their sleep, meaning that they sleep for several short periods during their twenty four hour day, human beings are different.Since the industrial revolution, human beings have developed to be monophasic, which means we have a twelve-hour period (day) when we are awake and another (night) in which we sleep continuously.The National Sleep Foundation has not yet established if this is the normal sleep pattern for human beings.Despite humans being monophasic, napping has always been a normal part of human culture. For instance, older adults and young children are known to take naps for short periods during their day.In some cultures, napping is taken to be a very important activity for its people.The practice of napping can be traced back to about 500BC. Napping was a part of the Roman and Greek cultures around the 6th and 8th Century. According to a feature by t he Huff Post, the Greek Siesta began in the afternoon up to around 5.During this time, businesses closed so that people could nap. They would then wake up at 5pm and continue working to almost midnight. According to the Greeks, it was a very pleasant practice.Through napping, the Greeks were able to unlock the key to a long life. According to a New York Times feature, this culture continues to the present. The populations around Ikaria Island in the Mediterranean have reportedly the longest-living individuals in the world.The communities have better health, lower rates of dementia and depression in comparison to other populations. The secret? Plenty of sleep and naps.While napping is not a new thing and has been shown to have numerous benefits, napping at work has for a very long time been frowned upon by many organizational cultures. It is seen as a sign of low ambition, laziness, and unprofessionalism.However, in the recent past, napping has started gaining acceptance as a way of preventing burnout at work and keeping oneself sharp.With the benefits of napping becoming more apparent, more companies are embracing the concept of napping at work, with companies like Google even providing their employees with nap pods specifically for napping.NAPPING AND SLEEPINGThere is a great difference between napping and sleeping. While it’s recommended to sleep up to eight hours a night, a healthy nap should last from about 10 minutes to 90 minutes.During a nap you get into the first and sometimes the second stage of sleep.This is enough to recharge your brain cells, allowing you to get back to work feeling rejuvenated. When you sleep, on the other hand, you complete the five stages of the cycles of sleep.Beware, however, that long naps are not advised as they increase grogginess and inactiveness, mainly because you will get into deeper sleep and then have to wake up without completing the sleep cycle.The grogginess from an extended nap can ultimately affect your product ivity, which is the complete opposite of what you are trying to achieve when taking a nap.TYPES OF NAPPINGThere are three types of napping according to the National Sleep Foundation:Planned Napping: This is the type of napping that you schedule for. Another term for it is preparatory napping. With planned napping, you nap not because you are feeling sleepy, but because you had scheduled the nap as part of your day. It is recommended by sleep technicians as a good option for when you are planning to burn the midnight oil.Emergency Napping: Just like the name implies, this is the kind of nap where you fall asleep because you are so tired and cannot continue working. This nap is recommended for example when you are feeling drowsy while driving. In this case, it is advisable to pull on the road side and sleep for a couple of minutes and then continue with your drive. This will refresh your brain and reduce the risks that come with drowsy driving.Habitual Napping: This is the kind where you have the tendency to take naps at a specific time every day. This is common for children and seniors when they have reached a certain age.BENEFITS OF NAPPINGNapping has a lot of benefits.The National Sleep Foundation even compared the effectiveness of napping on the body with that of reducing alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking.Some of the benefits of napping include:Enhanced Cognitive AbilityResearchers have contended that naps lead to higher brain performance.Sixty-minute to ninety-minute naps have been associated with increased memory.After a night’s sleep, people were able to remember visual work-related objects and tasks more than they did immediately after they learnt it.The same results were co-related with a sixty-minute afternoon nap.A nap on top of enough sleep at night can yield even better results. Associative memory â€" the ability to connect linked items together to solve a bigger puzzle â€" has also been reported to improve as a result of napping.Learning wa s also shown to improve for people who took naps. Napping can enhance your retention ability and word-learning in young kids.Lower Blood PressureMidday naps can significantly reduce blood pressure with the same effectiveness as other methods of lowering and preventing high blood pressure, such as reduction of alcohol consumption and salt intake as preventative strategies.A famous study known as the Greek Study involving 23,681 Greek men conducted for six years showed that napping can result in great health benefits.One group of men napped at least three times during the week over the time the research was conducted.The findings showed that this group of men had a 37% lower risk of getting heart diseases and high blood pressure compared to non-nappers.As a Resolve for Sleep DeprivationThe benefits of sleeping for waking performance have been researched on and proven by many scholars.Many studies have proven that naps are beneficial in periods of sleep deprivation and for night shift workers.There have been studies that have researched the impacts of napping compared to other methods of sleep deprivation.The benefits of napping were found to be more and lasted longer compared to those associated with sleep depriving substances like caffeine.Better MoodsA study conducted by researchers from the University of Michigan revealed that taking a mid-day sixty-minute power nap can increase your tolerance for frustration, and make you less impulsive than watching a one-hour documentary.Naps have also been proven to be effective emotional regulators because they give you time to process your stressors, rather than having to deal with them immediately.Decreased Burn-OutWorking too much without taking some time out can overwhelm your brain and lead to burnout.If you have been working too hard and feel like your brain is starting to get overwhelmed, taking a nap can give your brain the much needed time out and prevent burnout.After the nap, your energy levels will be repleni shed, and you can attack the rest of your day with renewed vigor.DIFFERENT NAP LENGTHS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE BRAIN While we have seen that taking a nap is good for you, different lengths of naps will have different impacts on your brain.Taking a 10 minute nap won’t have the same benefits as a 30 or 60 minute nap.You will also feel different after waking up depending on the length of your nap. So, for how long should you nap?Figuring out the perfect nap length requires an understanding of what happens to your brain at different sleep stages. There are basically five stages of sleep.When you take a nap, you enter part of the sleep cycle.The first and second stages are usually referred to as light wave sleep, while the third and fourth stages are referred to as deep wave sleep. In the fifth stage â€" the REM stage â€" you dive into the dream state which is accompanied by rapid eye movements, hence the name.A complete sleep cycle ranges from 90 to 120 minutes.Below, let’s take a l ook at what happens at different nap lengths.10 minutes: During this phase, you are in your slow-wave sleep. The temperature of your brain and your blood flow decrease from their normal rate, and your body enters a relaxed state. Napping for ten minutes has been shown to enhance alertness and improve cognitive ability with a half-life of 3 hours.Half-life is the time it takes for the effects to wear off your body. When you nap for 10 minutes, your brain has not entered the deep-sleep zones and you will find it very easy to wake up from the nap. You will also be feeling very alert immediately after the nap.20 minutes: A 20-minute nap is an ideal length of a powernap! The National Sleep Foundation asserts that a 20-minute nap will enhance alertness, performance, moods, and memory. After napping for 20 minutes, people can easily recall phone numbers and people’s names.30 minutes: A study by Medical News Today showed that a thirty-minute nap can significantly enhance an infant’s lea rning ability on tasks. The study was conducted through a 4-hour lesson in which the infants napped in between the session.While a 30 minute nap enhances your learning capabilities, by this time you will have entered the deep wave sleep. Therefore, you might find it much harder to wake up after a 30 minute nap.In addition, you might wake up feeling groggy and tired, something that is referred to as sleep inertia. As a result, it might take you an average of about 30 minutes before you are fully alert.60 minutes: An hour’s nap in the afternoon will reduce your impulsiveness, make you more tolerant and improve your memory.On an ECG (electroencephalogram) test focused on sleep spindles happening in the hippocampus, it was proven that memory is enhanced up to five times when a person takes the sixty-minute nap.When you nap for an hour, your brain is able to consolidate your memory and organize details so that when you wake up, you are able to retrieve information easily.Dr. Sara Medni ck author of Take A Nap, Change Your Life indicates that a during the sixty-minute nap, you enter the slow-sleep wave, you will have a higher chance of remembering facts, faces and places.In another study, some researches had a group of participants try to commit a set of cards to memory.The participants were then divided into two groups. One group was asked to take a 60 minute nap, while the other group did not take any nap.After an hour, the two groups were tested to check their memorization of the cards.The group that didn’t take a nap had 60% recall of the patterns on the cards, while the group that napped for one hour had 85% recall.The researchers concluded that when we nap, information is pushed to the neocortex, which is responsible for holding long term memories. This is why you are more likely to recall information after a 60 hour nap.Just like the 30 minutes nap, the 60 minute nap gets us into deep wave sleep, which means that you will experience some level of sleep ine rtia upon waking up.As a result, it will take some time before you can start experiencing the benefits of the 60 minute nap.90 minutes: A one-and-a-half-hour nap might seem to be too long, and it is unlikely that your employer will allow you to nap for all this time while at work. However, napping for 90 minutes has been shown to have the same benefits you would get from 8 hours of sleep. Actually, doctors recommend napping for ninety minutes compared to napping for sixty minutes.According to the National Sleep Foundation, napping for 90 minutes helps improve your creativity, clears your mind, and helps improve your procedural and emotional memory, as well as your ability to learn. Napping for 90 minutes is also great if you did not get enough sleep at night.Since a complete sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes, you will probably wake at the end of your sleep cycle after a 90 minute nap.This means that you will find it easier to wake up and will feel more alert, without the effects of sleep inertia.However, if you extend your nap, you will get into another sleep cycle, making it harder for you to wake up.NAPPING TIPS TO MAKE MOST OF YOUR NAPSHaving seen the benefits of napping, and how different lengths of naps affect your brain, below are some tips to help you get the most from your naps:A short nap (10 minutes to 20 minutes) is usually recommended to boost alertness and performance. It will also less likely affect your night time sleep.Sleeping on your office desk is highly discouraged. Your sleep environment can greatly impact the quality of your nap. Sleep technicians advise that you find a comfortable place, with a warm temperature to boost your nap. The lightning of the room and the noise can also impede your ability to nap. Try looking for a dimly lit and quiet place to improve the quality of your nap.Avoid napping if you are an insomniac. Our earlier discussions show that daytime napping can lessen your night sleep. The chances of this increase with the frequency and length of your naps.If possible, schedule a ninety-minute nap time as this will reap you great benefits like enhancing creativity and your learning capability. The 90-minute nap gives also you a full cycle of sleep with impacts that compare to an eight-hour sleep.Taking a short nap after your coffee can also boost your alertness when you wake up. Since coffee takes about 20- 30 minutes for its effects to kick in, taking a 20 minute nap just after a cup of coffee will improve your alertness when you wake up, since the effects of the coffee will be kicking in just as you wake up.Afternoon naps are advised compared to any other time. If you take a nap before noon, you increase the chances of feeling disoriented and irritable.An after-nap walk is advised to help you rid of the grogginess that might come after your afternoon snooze. For those who report feeling confused when they wake up, a short walk will help them feel more refreshed and ready for the afternoon slump.Napp ing after 4pm should be a no-no. Most naps should end at that time. If you nap after 4pm, there is a likelihood that you will sleep through the rest of the day. You might eventually fail to wake up and combine that with your nighttime sleep.A napping kit includes ear muffs, eye plugs, silence and an alarm clock. There is a possibility that you might oversleep when you tempt your brain with a nap. To beat this, you should carry an alarm clock to time your nap so that you wake up at the right time.SIDE EFFECTS OF DAYTIME SLEEPINGWhile napping has massive benefits, it is not without its downsides.Some studies show that excessive day time naps are correlated with increased levels of C-reactive protein.This protein is an indicator of systemic inflammation which can be a risk factor for certain cancers, depression, heart disease, obesity and diabetes.The most evident downside of day time napping is the disruption of normal sleep pattern.Excessive daytime naps can interfere with your night time sleep and leave you awake and irritable while you are supposed to be resting.Remember, sleep deprivation is the number one cause for insanity, depression, high rates of burnout and heart diseases. Another health-related risk is Parkinson’s disease â€" whose common symptom is daytime sleepiness.Naps that last between 30 minutes to one hour have been shown to cause sleep inertia.The disorientation and grogginess you get from these types of naps can adversely impede your productivity, thereby defeating the purpose of the nap.In addition, the impact of napping might vary depending on the individual. While a lot of people agree that daytime snoozes are rejuvenating, others have reported high rates of grogginess and bad moods following a nap.WRAPPING UPNapping is a great way to refresh and re-energize yourself when you are feeling burnt out or lethargic.Keep in mind, however, that different lengths of naps will have a different effects on your brain.For a quick recharge, keep your nap between 10 to 20 minutes.If you are really feeling burnt out and want to reap greater benefits from your nap, go for the 90 minute nap.While 30 and 60 minute naps have their benefits, you will probably wake up feeling groggy and tired, something that might undo the benefits gained from the nap.It is also good to keep in mind that while some companies have started giving nap benefits to their employees, not every company has embraced napping at work.Therefore, before you decide to take a nap at work, find out whether your employer is okay with it. You don’t want to put your job on the line for 20 minutes of napping, do you?

How Long to Nap for the Biggest Brain Benefits

How Long to Nap for the Biggest Brain Benefits If you have ever wondered whether napping is good for you, I’m here to tell you that it is. Taking a nap is like restarting your brain.Sleep technicians and scientists have correlated napping with major health benefits such as improvement of memory, creative thinking and learning. Studies also prove that regular nappers are efficient problem solvers.And some of the most successful people in the world agree with these studies too.Popular author Pete Hamill was quoted saying that one gets to experience two mornings when they take a nap, and that, according to him is replenishing.Winston Churchill is reported to have taken a two-hour must nap every afternoon during his tenure as British Prime Minister.Presidents J.F Kennedy, Reagan and George W. Bush were also great adherents of afternoon napping. Albert Einstein is also known to have combined his 10-hour sleep with other daytime naps.Want to be a genius?Maybe napping could be the key.Vincent Walsh, Professor at UCL says that since th e industrial revolution, we have strained to save all our sleep for the night. While most mammalian species are polyphasic in their sleep, meaning that they sleep for several short periods during their twenty four hour day, human beings are different.Since the industrial revolution, human beings have developed to be monophasic, which means we have a twelve-hour period (day) when we are awake and another (night) in which we sleep continuously.The National Sleep Foundation has not yet established if this is the normal sleep pattern for human beings.Despite humans being monophasic, napping has always been a normal part of human culture. For instance, older adults and young children are known to take naps for short periods during their day.In some cultures, napping is taken to be a very important activity for its people.The practice of napping can be traced back to about 500BC. Napping was a part of the Roman and Greek cultures around the 6th and 8th Century. According to a feature by t he Huff Post, the Greek Siesta began in the afternoon up to around 5.During this time, businesses closed so that people could nap. They would then wake up at 5pm and continue working to almost midnight. According to the Greeks, it was a very pleasant practice.Through napping, the Greeks were able to unlock the key to a long life. According to a New York Times feature, this culture continues to the present. The populations around Ikaria Island in the Mediterranean have reportedly the longest-living individuals in the world.The communities have better health, lower rates of dementia and depression in comparison to other populations. The secret? Plenty of sleep and naps.While napping is not a new thing and has been shown to have numerous benefits, napping at work has for a very long time been frowned upon by many organizational cultures. It is seen as a sign of low ambition, laziness, and unprofessionalism.However, in the recent past, napping has started gaining acceptance as a way of preventing burnout at work and keeping oneself sharp.With the benefits of napping becoming more apparent, more companies are embracing the concept of napping at work, with companies like Google even providing their employees with nap pods specifically for napping.NAPPING AND SLEEPINGThere is a great difference between napping and sleeping. While it’s recommended to sleep up to eight hours a night, a healthy nap should last from about 10 minutes to 90 minutes.During a nap you get into the first and sometimes the second stage of sleep.This is enough to recharge your brain cells, allowing you to get back to work feeling rejuvenated. When you sleep, on the other hand, you complete the five stages of the cycles of sleep.Beware, however, that long naps are not advised as they increase grogginess and inactiveness, mainly because you will get into deeper sleep and then have to wake up without completing the sleep cycle.The grogginess from an extended nap can ultimately affect your product ivity, which is the complete opposite of what you are trying to achieve when taking a nap.TYPES OF NAPPINGThere are three types of napping according to the National Sleep Foundation:Planned Napping: This is the type of napping that you schedule for. Another term for it is preparatory napping. With planned napping, you nap not because you are feeling sleepy, but because you had scheduled the nap as part of your day. It is recommended by sleep technicians as a good option for when you are planning to burn the midnight oil.Emergency Napping: Just like the name implies, this is the kind of nap where you fall asleep because you are so tired and cannot continue working. This nap is recommended for example when you are feeling drowsy while driving. In this case, it is advisable to pull on the road side and sleep for a couple of minutes and then continue with your drive. This will refresh your brain and reduce the risks that come with drowsy driving.Habitual Napping: This is the kind where you have the tendency to take naps at a specific time every day. This is common for children and seniors when they have reached a certain age.BENEFITS OF NAPPINGNapping has a lot of benefits.The National Sleep Foundation even compared the effectiveness of napping on the body with that of reducing alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking.Some of the benefits of napping include:Enhanced Cognitive AbilityResearchers have contended that naps lead to higher brain performance.Sixty-minute to ninety-minute naps have been associated with increased memory.After a night’s sleep, people were able to remember visual work-related objects and tasks more than they did immediately after they learnt it.The same results were co-related with a sixty-minute afternoon nap.A nap on top of enough sleep at night can yield even better results. Associative memory â€" the ability to connect linked items together to solve a bigger puzzle â€" has also been reported to improve as a result of napping.Learning wa s also shown to improve for people who took naps. Napping can enhance your retention ability and word-learning in young kids.Lower Blood PressureMidday naps can significantly reduce blood pressure with the same effectiveness as other methods of lowering and preventing high blood pressure, such as reduction of alcohol consumption and salt intake as preventative strategies.A famous study known as the Greek Study involving 23,681 Greek men conducted for six years showed that napping can result in great health benefits.One group of men napped at least three times during the week over the time the research was conducted.The findings showed that this group of men had a 37% lower risk of getting heart diseases and high blood pressure compared to non-nappers.As a Resolve for Sleep DeprivationThe benefits of sleeping for waking performance have been researched on and proven by many scholars.Many studies have proven that naps are beneficial in periods of sleep deprivation and for night shift workers.There have been studies that have researched the impacts of napping compared to other methods of sleep deprivation.The benefits of napping were found to be more and lasted longer compared to those associated with sleep depriving substances like caffeine.Better MoodsA study conducted by researchers from the University of Michigan revealed that taking a mid-day sixty-minute power nap can increase your tolerance for frustration, and make you less impulsive than watching a one-hour documentary.Naps have also been proven to be effective emotional regulators because they give you time to process your stressors, rather than having to deal with them immediately.Decreased Burn-OutWorking too much without taking some time out can overwhelm your brain and lead to burnout.If you have been working too hard and feel like your brain is starting to get overwhelmed, taking a nap can give your brain the much needed time out and prevent burnout.After the nap, your energy levels will be repleni shed, and you can attack the rest of your day with renewed vigor.DIFFERENT NAP LENGTHS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE BRAIN While we have seen that taking a nap is good for you, different lengths of naps will have different impacts on your brain.Taking a 10 minute nap won’t have the same benefits as a 30 or 60 minute nap.You will also feel different after waking up depending on the length of your nap. So, for how long should you nap?Figuring out the perfect nap length requires an understanding of what happens to your brain at different sleep stages. There are basically five stages of sleep.When you take a nap, you enter part of the sleep cycle.The first and second stages are usually referred to as light wave sleep, while the third and fourth stages are referred to as deep wave sleep. In the fifth stage â€" the REM stage â€" you dive into the dream state which is accompanied by rapid eye movements, hence the name.A complete sleep cycle ranges from 90 to 120 minutes.Below, let’s take a l ook at what happens at different nap lengths.10 minutes: During this phase, you are in your slow-wave sleep. The temperature of your brain and your blood flow decrease from their normal rate, and your body enters a relaxed state. Napping for ten minutes has been shown to enhance alertness and improve cognitive ability with a half-life of 3 hours.Half-life is the time it takes for the effects to wear off your body. When you nap for 10 minutes, your brain has not entered the deep-sleep zones and you will find it very easy to wake up from the nap. You will also be feeling very alert immediately after the nap.20 minutes: A 20-minute nap is an ideal length of a powernap! The National Sleep Foundation asserts that a 20-minute nap will enhance alertness, performance, moods, and memory. After napping for 20 minutes, people can easily recall phone numbers and people’s names.30 minutes: A study by Medical News Today showed that a thirty-minute nap can significantly enhance an infant’s lea rning ability on tasks. The study was conducted through a 4-hour lesson in which the infants napped in between the session.While a 30 minute nap enhances your learning capabilities, by this time you will have entered the deep wave sleep. Therefore, you might find it much harder to wake up after a 30 minute nap.In addition, you might wake up feeling groggy and tired, something that is referred to as sleep inertia. As a result, it might take you an average of about 30 minutes before you are fully alert.60 minutes: An hour’s nap in the afternoon will reduce your impulsiveness, make you more tolerant and improve your memory.On an ECG (electroencephalogram) test focused on sleep spindles happening in the hippocampus, it was proven that memory is enhanced up to five times when a person takes the sixty-minute nap.When you nap for an hour, your brain is able to consolidate your memory and organize details so that when you wake up, you are able to retrieve information easily.Dr. Sara Medni ck author of Take A Nap, Change Your Life indicates that a during the sixty-minute nap, you enter the slow-sleep wave, you will have a higher chance of remembering facts, faces and places.In another study, some researches had a group of participants try to commit a set of cards to memory.The participants were then divided into two groups. One group was asked to take a 60 minute nap, while the other group did not take any nap.After an hour, the two groups were tested to check their memorization of the cards.The group that didn’t take a nap had 60% recall of the patterns on the cards, while the group that napped for one hour had 85% recall.The researchers concluded that when we nap, information is pushed to the neocortex, which is responsible for holding long term memories. This is why you are more likely to recall information after a 60 hour nap.Just like the 30 minutes nap, the 60 minute nap gets us into deep wave sleep, which means that you will experience some level of sleep ine rtia upon waking up.As a result, it will take some time before you can start experiencing the benefits of the 60 minute nap.90 minutes: A one-and-a-half-hour nap might seem to be too long, and it is unlikely that your employer will allow you to nap for all this time while at work. However, napping for 90 minutes has been shown to have the same benefits you would get from 8 hours of sleep. Actually, doctors recommend napping for ninety minutes compared to napping for sixty minutes.According to the National Sleep Foundation, napping for 90 minutes helps improve your creativity, clears your mind, and helps improve your procedural and emotional memory, as well as your ability to learn. Napping for 90 minutes is also great if you did not get enough sleep at night.Since a complete sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes, you will probably wake at the end of your sleep cycle after a 90 minute nap.This means that you will find it easier to wake up and will feel more alert, without the effects of sleep inertia.However, if you extend your nap, you will get into another sleep cycle, making it harder for you to wake up.NAPPING TIPS TO MAKE MOST OF YOUR NAPSHaving seen the benefits of napping, and how different lengths of naps affect your brain, below are some tips to help you get the most from your naps:A short nap (10 minutes to 20 minutes) is usually recommended to boost alertness and performance. It will also less likely affect your night time sleep.Sleeping on your office desk is highly discouraged. Your sleep environment can greatly impact the quality of your nap. Sleep technicians advise that you find a comfortable place, with a warm temperature to boost your nap. The lightning of the room and the noise can also impede your ability to nap. Try looking for a dimly lit and quiet place to improve the quality of your nap.Avoid napping if you are an insomniac. Our earlier discussions show that daytime napping can lessen your night sleep. The chances of this increase with the frequency and length of your naps.If possible, schedule a ninety-minute nap time as this will reap you great benefits like enhancing creativity and your learning capability. The 90-minute nap gives also you a full cycle of sleep with impacts that compare to an eight-hour sleep.Taking a short nap after your coffee can also boost your alertness when you wake up. Since coffee takes about 20- 30 minutes for its effects to kick in, taking a 20 minute nap just after a cup of coffee will improve your alertness when you wake up, since the effects of the coffee will be kicking in just as you wake up.Afternoon naps are advised compared to any other time. If you take a nap before noon, you increase the chances of feeling disoriented and irritable.An after-nap walk is advised to help you rid of the grogginess that might come after your afternoon snooze. For those who report feeling confused when they wake up, a short walk will help them feel more refreshed and ready for the afternoon slump.Napp ing after 4pm should be a no-no. Most naps should end at that time. If you nap after 4pm, there is a likelihood that you will sleep through the rest of the day. You might eventually fail to wake up and combine that with your nighttime sleep.A napping kit includes ear muffs, eye plugs, silence and an alarm clock. There is a possibility that you might oversleep when you tempt your brain with a nap. To beat this, you should carry an alarm clock to time your nap so that you wake up at the right time.SIDE EFFECTS OF DAYTIME SLEEPINGWhile napping has massive benefits, it is not without its downsides.Some studies show that excessive day time naps are correlated with increased levels of C-reactive protein.This protein is an indicator of systemic inflammation which can be a risk factor for certain cancers, depression, heart disease, obesity and diabetes.The most evident downside of day time napping is the disruption of normal sleep pattern.Excessive daytime naps can interfere with your night time sleep and leave you awake and irritable while you are supposed to be resting.Remember, sleep deprivation is the number one cause for insanity, depression, high rates of burnout and heart diseases. Another health-related risk is Parkinson’s disease â€" whose common symptom is daytime sleepiness.Naps that last between 30 minutes to one hour have been shown to cause sleep inertia.The disorientation and grogginess you get from these types of naps can adversely impede your productivity, thereby defeating the purpose of the nap.In addition, the impact of napping might vary depending on the individual. While a lot of people agree that daytime snoozes are rejuvenating, others have reported high rates of grogginess and bad moods following a nap.WRAPPING UPNapping is a great way to refresh and re-energize yourself when you are feeling burnt out or lethargic.Keep in mind, however, that different lengths of naps will have a different effects on your brain.For a quick recharge, keep your nap between 10 to 20 minutes.If you are really feeling burnt out and want to reap greater benefits from your nap, go for the 90 minute nap.While 30 and 60 minute naps have their benefits, you will probably wake up feeling groggy and tired, something that might undo the benefits gained from the nap.It is also good to keep in mind that while some companies have started giving nap benefits to their employees, not every company has embraced napping at work.Therefore, before you decide to take a nap at work, find out whether your employer is okay with it. You don’t want to put your job on the line for 20 minutes of napping, do you?

Essay on The Picture of Dorian Gray as a Moral Book

The Picture of Dorian Gray as a Moral Book nbsp; The Picture of Dorian Gray was a remarkably well-written book due to the reaction of its themes by society.nbsp; In the preface of the novel, Wilde introduces the opinion that ...there is no moral or immoral book.nbsp; Books are well written or badly written.nbsp; That is all.nbsp; Numerous views can be taken upon this fastidious comment.nbsp; Many would agree that Wilde is justifiably correct because the preface was written with the intention that his readers understand the deeper meaning of the themes than worrying about whether it is considered morally acceptable; or perhaps, the view that it could be considered moral or immoral by the impact it has on the readers†¦show more content†¦iniquitous beliefs of his on the unsuspecting Dorian.nbsp; He tells him Nothing can cure the soul but the senses, just as nothing can cure the senses but the soul, which implies for Dorian to give into his deepest wants and desires no matter how dirty or sinful they are.nbsp; He continues to spin Dorian into his web of sin by telling him that you know less than you want to know, which makes him curious as to what other pleasures he could find in the world.nbsp; When Dorian falls in love with Sybil Vane, he tries to write her off as some poor, useless nobody who could never please Dorians deepest desires.nbsp; He does this partly because he is jealous of his love for her, since it is made obvious that Lord Henry finds Dorian a strikingly handsome man, and partly for pleasure, to get a high off of ruining one of Dorians attempts at redemption.nbsp; Even when Dorian goes as far as killing Basil, Lord Wotton tells him that crime is simply a method of procuring extraordinary sensations.nbsp; It is not until Lord Henry makes this comment about how murder is not a terrible thing that Dorian begins to realize the true vastness of his sins, and in the only salvation he knows, he later goes to kill himself.nbsp; Dorians downfall due to Lord Henrys actions teaches moral of being centered on selfishness.nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Dorians character makes a vast amount of change in the eighteen years that heShow MoreRelatedEssay on Oscar Wildes Success at a Gothic Novel1489 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will be looking at how successful Oscar Wilde was at creating a gothic novel. 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Gender Inequality in America Essay - 1466 Words

Gender inequality has engulfed the United States and placed copious varying roles onto the male and female sexes. According to Leila Aboulela, Minaret, â€Å"All through life there were distinctions - toilets for men, toilets for women; clothes for men, clothes for women - then, at the end, the graves are identical.† Discrimination places women into different roles and takes away numerous privileges. However in America today after more than a century of struggles by dedicated activists who fought to alter these ideals and gain further rights, the perception of women in society and their contributions to society have been greatly transformed. The feminism activists began their journey in 1848 when they concocted their own form of the†¦show more content†¦It gave them a taste of what was out in the world and got them to think of themselves as workers instead of just homebodies. At first they were hesitant because it was a new domain, but once they grew accustomed to this new role they weren’t about to evacuate and instead embraced their new power with Rosie the Riveter, the new face of activism. Rosie stood for everything these women fought for and was a symbol of hope and persistence. Her famous words echoed through the streets of the United States, â€Å"We Can Do It!† Some of the more daring women wanted to help even more, so they enlisted to go fight alongside the men of their country. These brave women were now soldiers and proved that they could enter dangerous situations and do the job right. For the women of this time there was no going back to the docile housewife of the past. From this poin t on they were looking for a future outside of the house. Then, in 1945 the war drew to a close and men who had been away began to file home. They were anticipating returning to their old jobs that women had occupied when they were away, however women were resisting to leave. In 1963 there was the second wave of the women’s movement when Betty Friedan published her book The Feminine Mystique, which sole purpose was to point out the, â€Å"problem that has no name† (understanding feminism by peta Bowden). The context of the book described that women were being forced to live under their trueShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality, Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism868 Words   |  4 PagesGender inequality refers to the inequality between men and women, or the unequal treatment or perception of a person based on his or her gender. Gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a female rather than towards a male. Women are seen as inferior to men in every country in the world. This form of society is called patriarchal and is one of this biggest issues in American society today. 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The History of Native Americans Essay - 1102 Words

The United States was a new nation in the 18th century when most of the world was divided among the European imperialist governments. Looking right of religion, technology and military power, people from these nations began to claim the land and lock up new worlds of natural resources to meet their needs, that is why some decided to immigrate to the United States seeking freedom and the opportunity for economical improvements; but this search for improvement, among other things, only brought suffering and death to Native American tribes. In the United States, Indian groups were willing to live with the newcomers until relations were strained by the continuing immigration to its territory, loss of resources, diseases and among†¦show more content†¦The main purpose of the treaty, form the American perspective, was to remove the Indian threat to the peaceful westward expansion, and try to destroy its cultures, spiritual, economic, and political traditions by assimilating Nativ e American into American life. The signing of these treaties and the adoption of policies and laws gradually declined sovereignty of indigenous nations. In the 1830’s, Five Indians Nations lived in territories that many Americans thought it might be more profitable for breeding, however, Americans could not do anything, because these tribes had signed treaties with the federal government, which guaranteed them the right to live in their ancestral lands and maintain its sovereignty; and it is not surprising that these notions were not willing to give up their land and to negotiate new treaties. That is why President Andrew Jackson decided that a new federal policy would be necessary to remove the Indians from their lands. This policy was called Removal Act of 1830, and gave the president the right to remove the five nations from their ancestral lands against their will. While Removal Act immediately helped alleviate the IndianShow MoreRelatedNative American History : Native Am ericans1099 Words   |  5 Pages Native Americans A few thousands of years before the famous and high recognized explore Christopher Columbus’ ships landed in the Bahamas, a distinctive group of people discovered America. The ancestors of modern Native Americans who hiked over a â€Å"land bridge† from Asia more than 12,000 years ago. In fact, there is an estimate that more than 50 million people were already living in the Americas. As time passed, these migrants and their descendants pushed south and east, adapting as they wentRead MoreNative American History : Native Americans1879 Words   |  8 Pages†¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Native American Lives Since the beginning of time, conquering other societies has been a common occurrence. Almost every battle that has taken place has been documented. When stories of past battles are retold, only one side of the tale gets told, the victor’s side. 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The Trail of Tears, being the most tragic event in American history, was due to the Removal Act in the 1830s, the misguidance of President Andrew Jackson, theRead MoreNative Americans And American History Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesNative Americans, or Indians, as they were mistakenly called, have been the â€Å"pathetic footnotes to the main course of American history† (Axtell 981). But James Axtell, the author of Colonial America without the Indians: Counterfactual Reflections, would beg to differ. He says that instead, Indians played a key role in making America great. James Murray gives another term to describe America’s greatness: America’s â€Å"exceptionalism.† Throughout his art icle Axtell makes many points as to why Indians